Chihuahuas are a beloved breed known for their lively personalities and small size. However, like all dogs, they require regular veterinary care to maintain their health. Here are some common health issues that Chihuahuas may face and how to prevent them:
Annual Veterinary Check-ups
To maintain optimal health, adult Chihuahuas should visit the veterinarian at least once a year. However, if your pet has underlying health conditions or resides in an area prone to pests like ticks, more frequent visits may be necessary.
Periodontal Disease
Chihuahuas are prone to periodontal disease, which affects the gums and bones surrounding the teeth. To prevent this, it is crucial to brush your Chihuahua’s teeth daily and schedule regular dental cleanings. Look out for signs of gingivitis, such as red or puffy gums, bad breath, or bleeding gums. Neglecting periodontal disease can lead to more severe health problems, including liver or heart disease.
Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD)
IVDD, also known as a slipped or herniated disc, is a neurological condition that can occur due to age or sudden rupture of a disc. Chihuahuas, being small dogs, are more susceptible to IVDD due to the impact of jumping and landing on their backs. Symptoms may include pain, limping, difficulty lifting the head, and in extreme cases, paralysis. Treatment options range from medication to surgery, depending on the severity of the condition.
Patellar Luxation
Patellar luxation, or a slipped kneecap, is a common birth defect in Chihuahuas. It causes instability in the leg and can lead to arthritis. If your Chihuahua exhibits a hitch in their giddy-up or has trouble running or playing, a vet visit is necessary. Surgery may be required in severe cases.
Valvular Disease
Valvular disease, specifically leaky mitral valve disease, affects small dog breeds like Chihuahuas. This condition can lead to congestive heart failure, the leading cause of death in Chihuahuas. Regular check-ups can help detect a heart murmur and the presence of valvular disease. Treatment options include medication to slow the progression of the disease and diuretics to remove fluid from the lungs.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Chihuahuas and other small breeds are predisposed to COPD, also known as chronic bronchitis or asthma. This progressive disease begins with inflammation in the lower respiratory tract’s small airways, potentially leading to scarring and dilation of the airways. Persistent coughing is a primary symptom, signaling that something is amiss. In severe cases, wheezing, fainting, or breathing difficulties may occur. While there’s no cure, treatments include inhalers, airway dilators, cough suppressants, and, for infections, antibiotics. For severe instances, oxygen therapy or intravenous medication might be necessary. To prevent COPD, minimize airborne allergens and avoid using potential lung irritants around your Chihuahua.
Collapsed Trachea
Another respiratory issue affecting Chihuahuas, especially later in life, is collapsed trachea. The trachea’s cartilage rings weaken over time, leading to this condition. Genetic factors are believed to play a role, leaving little room for prevention. Symptoms include breathing difficulties, harsh coughing sometimes followed by gagging or vomiting, wheezing, and blue gums and tongue. While medications can alleviate symptoms, there’s no definitive cure. Avoiding air pollutants is advised, and in severe cases, surgery might be considered, though it carries risks.
In conclusion, Chihuahuas require regular veterinary care to maintain their health and prevent common ailments. By understanding these typical medical issues, you can help your Chi live a long, healthy life.